Lawyer cites fake cases invented by ChatGPT, judge is not amused. Simon Willison’s Weblog. 27 May 2023. https://simonwillison.net/2023/May/27/lawyer-chatgpt/.
‘Order to Show Cause – #31 in Mata v. Avianca, Inc. (S.D.N.Y., 1:22-Cv-01461)’. Date Filed: May 4th, 2023, 5:59 p.m. EDT. CourtListener. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/31/mata-v-avianca-inc/.
‘Affidavit Affidavit of Steven Schwartz – #32, Att. #1 in Mata v. Avianca, Inc. (S.D.N.Y., 1:22-Cv-01461)’. Date Filed: May 25th, 2023, 9:40 a.m. EDT. CourtListener. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/32/1/mata-v-avianca-inc/.
Daniel Feldman [@d_feldman]: A lawyer used ChatGPT to do “legal research” and cited a number of nonexistent cases in a filing, and is now in a lot of trouble with the judge 🤣. https://twitter.com/d_feldman/status/1662308313525100546.
Armstrong, Kathryn. ‘ChatGPT: US Lawyer Admits Using AI for Case Research’, BBC, 27 May 2023. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-65735769.amp.
Weiser, Benjamin. ‘Here’s What Happens When Your Lawyer Uses ChatGPT’. The New York Times, 27 May 2023, sec. New York. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/27/nyregion/avianca-airline-lawsuit-chatgpt.html.
Davis, Wes. ‘A Lawyer Used ChatGPT and Now Has to Answer for Its “Bogus” Citations’. The Verge, 27 May 2023. https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/27/23739913/chatgpt-ai-lawsuit-avianca-airlines-chatbot-research.
‘Memorandum of Law – #49 in Mata v. Avianca, Inc. (S.D.N.Y., 1:22-Cv-01461)’. Date Filed: June 8th, 2023, 9:57 a.m. EDT. CourtListener. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/49/mata-v-avianca-inc/.
Bohannon, Molly. ‘Lawyer Used ChatGPT In Court—And Cited Fake Cases. A Judge Is Considering Sanctions’. Forbes, 8 June 2023, sec. Business. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2023/06/08/lawyer-used-chatgpt-in-court-and-cited-fake-cases-a-judge-is-considering-sanctions/.
Milmo, Dan. ‘Two US Lawyers Fined for Submitting Fake Court Citations from ChatGPT’. The Guardian, 23 June 2023, sec. Technology. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jun/23/two-us-lawyers-fined-submitting-fake-court-citations-chatgpt.
Cole, Samantha. 2025. ‘Judges Are Fed up With Lawyers Using AI That Hallucinate Court Cases’. 404 Media. https://www.404media.co/ai-lawyer-hallucination-sanctions/ (March 7, 2025).
Cole, Samantha. 2025. ‘Lawyers Caught Citing AI-Hallucinated Cases Call It a “Cautionary Tale”’. 404 Media. https://www.404media.co/lawyers-caught-citing-ai-hallucinated-cases-call-it-a-cautionary-tale/ (March 7, 2025).